Vehicle Dynamics

Understeer

Steering feels vague/light

• Cause: Low self-aligning torque

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Add front toe-out 

  • Caster: Increase caster

• Effect: Adds steering weight and feedback

Rear feels loose

• Cause: Low rear grip

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Increase rear camber

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • Springs: Soften rear springs

• Effect: Stabilizes rear and improves lateral grip

Understeer on throttle

• Cause: Excessive TC / poor balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Traction Ctrl: Reduce TC

  • Dampers: 

    • Increase rear rebound

    • Increase front bump

• Effect: Allows freer rotation and better throttle response

Slow steering return

• Cause: Insufficient self-centering

• Adjustment: 

  • Caster: Increase caster

  • Toe: Add front toe-out

• Effect: Faster wheel return and better turn-in feel

Tires overheating outside

• Cause: Too little negative camber

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Increase camber

  • Pressures: Adjust pressures lower 

• Effect: Restores contact patch and grip

Rear tires overheating

• Cause: Too much rear camber or toe-in

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

  • Toe: Reduce rear toe-in

• Effect: Balances rear tire load and improves traction

Front tires cold

• Cause: Low heat generation

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Ducts: Reduce brake ducts

  • Pressures: Adjust Tire Psi (26–27 psi)

• Effect: Improves grip and responsiveness

Lazy rotation

• Cause: Poor mechanical balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Differential: Lower diff preload

  • Traction Ctrl: Reduce TC

• Effect: Improves agility and responsiveness

Rear tires struggle for traction

• Cause: Excessive TC / Weight transfer

• Adjustment: 

  • Traction Ctrl: Lower TC setting

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound

  • Ride Height: Reduce rear ride height

• Effect: Improves traction and rotation on throttle

Oversteer

Corner Entry

Mid-Corner

Corner Exit

Car rotates too quickly

• Cause: Excessive front grip / loose rear

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Reduce front camber

  • Toe: Reduce front toe-out

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

• Effect: Calms initial rotation and stabilizes rear

Rear steps out

• Cause: Low rear grip / excessive rotation

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

• Effect: Stabilizes rear and reduces snap oversteer

Oversteer on throttle

• Cause: Rear tires overloaded

• Adjustment: 

  • Traction Ctrl: Increase TC

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Improves traction and reduces power oversteer

Rear instability on braking

• Cause: Rear too light / poor balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • Brake Bias: Increase brake bias

• Effect: Improves rear stability under braking

Front tires underused

• Cause: Too much rear rotation

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce front toe-out

  • Camber: Reduce front camber

• Effect: Balances grip across both axles

Rear snaps on exit

• Cause: Excessive rear rotation

• Adjustment: 

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound

  • Ride Height: Reduce rear ride height

• Effect: Smooths weight transfer and stabilizes exit

Rear lockups

• Cause: Rearward brake bias

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias forward

  • ABS: Increase ABS

• Effect: Reduces rear lockup and stabilizes braking

Rear tires overheating

• Cause: Excessive slip angle

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce rear toe-out

  • Pressures: Adjust pressures higher

• Effect: Improves wear and grip

Rear bump instability

• Cause: Rear suspension too stiff

• Adjustment: 

  • Springs: Soften rear springs

  • Bumpstop: Increase bumpstop range

• Effect: Improves kerb handling and traction

Unstable

Corner Entry

Mid-Corner

Corner Exit

Rear feels twitchy on braking

• Cause: Rear too light / Rear Brake Bias 

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias forward

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

• Effect: Improves rear stability under deceleration

Rear snaps or rotates suddenly

• Cause: Rear grip imbalance / Camber

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

• Effect: Stabilizes rear and reduces snap oversteer

Rear steps out under throttle

• Cause: Excessive torque / Rear balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Traction Ctrl: Increase TC

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Improves traction and reduces power oversteer

Car darts or wanders

• Cause: Toe or caster imbalance

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Add front toe-in

  • Caster: Increase caster

  • Balance: Balance toe & camber L/R

• Effect: Improves straight-line stability and steering feel

Car feels unsettled over bumps

• Cause: Damper mismatch / Imbalance

• Adjustment: 

  • Dampers: Soften bump damping

  • Balance: Balance spring rates

  • Bumpstop: Increase bumpstop range

• Effect: Improves compliance and grip over uneven surfaces

Car feels unstable on throttle

• Cause: Rear rebound / Aero balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

  • Aero: Increase rear wing

• Effect: Smooths weight transfer and stabilizes exit

Steering feels erratic

• Cause: Excessive toe-out / geometry

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce front toe-out

  • Balance: Balance camber/caster L/R

• Effect: Smooths steering response and improves predictability

Tires overheating unevenly

• Cause: Poor camber or pressure setup

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Adjust camber to even wear

  • Pressures: Fine-tune pressures

• Effect: Balances grip and improves tire longevity

Rear tires overheat rapidly

• Cause: Excessive slip angle / toe-out

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce rear toe-out

  • Pressures:  Increase pressure slightly

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Reduces sliding and improves rear grip

Initial Braking Phase

Trail Braking Phase

Brake Release / Corner Entry

Rear lockups under heavy braking

• Cause: Rear brake bias / low rear grip

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias forward

  • ABS: Increase ABS

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

• Effect: Stabilizes rear and prevents snap rotation

Car rotates too much on trail

• Cause: Low preload / Brake bias

• Adjustment: 

  • Differential: Increase diff preload

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias forward

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

• Effect: Reduces lift-off oversteer and stabilizes entry

Lift Off Oversteer

• Cause: Rear unloading too quickly

• Adjustment: 

  • Differential: Increase diff preload

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias forward

• Effect: Stabilizes rear during deceleration and reduces sudden rotation

Front lockups

• Cause: Front brake bias/ low front grip

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias rearward

  • ABS: Increase ABS

• Effect: Improves control and reduces flat-spotting

Car won’t rotate on trail

• Cause: Front too stiff / brake bias

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Shift brake bias rearward

  • ARB: Soften front ARB

  • Dampers: Reduce front rebound

• Effect: Improves rotation and turn-in responsiveness

Car feels unstable on release

• Cause: Poor weight transfer / Geometry

• Adjustment: 

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

  • Toe: Balance toe L/R

  • Camber: Balance camber L/R

• Effect: Smooths entry and improves confidence

Brakes feel weak or unresponsive

• Cause: Brake ducts too open

• Adjustment: 

  • Ducts: Reduce brake duct size

• Effect: Improves bite and heat retention

Inconsistent rotation

• Cause: Brake balance shifts aggressively

• Adjustment: 

  • Brake Bias: Fine-tune brake bias

  • Differential: Adjust preload

  • Dampers: Balance damper settings

• Effect: Smooths transition from braking to cornering

Car won’t settle into corner

• Cause: Front lacks grip

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Increase front camber

  • Dampers: Reduce front rebound

  • Ride Height: Lower front ride height

• Effect: Improves bite and mid-corner entry

Dry

Pressure: 26.0–27.0 psi
Temp Window: 80–90°C optimal

Below 70°C = cold; above 100°C = overheated

Wet

Pressure: 29.0–30.0 psi
Temp Window: 60–80°C

Higher pressure helps clear water

Corner Entry

Mid-Corner

Corner Exit

Front tires feel cold or vague

• Cause: Low temp / Brake heat transfer

• Adjustment: 

  • Ducts: Reduce brake ducts

  • Pressures: Lower pressures slightly

  • Camber: Increase front camber

• Effect: Improves grip and steering response

Tires sliding mid-corner

• Cause: Overpressure / poor camber

• Adjustment: 

  • Pressures: Reduce pressures

  • Camber: Adjust camber to match load

• Effect: Improves grip and consistency

Rear tires spin under throttle

• Cause: Low pressure / poor traction

• Adjustment: 

  • Pressure: Increase rear pressure

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Improves traction and reduces wheelspin

Outside edge overheating

• Cause: Too little negative camber

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Increase front camber

  • Pressures: Lower pressures slightly

• Effect: Restores contact patch and grip

Rear tires overheating

• Cause: Excessive slip angle / toe-out

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce rear toe-out

  • Pressures: Raise pressures slightly

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Stabilizes rear and reduces heat buildup

Rear tires overheat rapidly

• Cause: Excessive flex / slip

• Adjustment: 

  • Pressure: Increase pressure

  • Camber: Reduce camber

  • Toe: Reduce toe-out

• Effect: Balances heat and improves exit stability

Inner edge overheating

• Cause: Too much negative camber

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Reduce front camber

  • Pressures: Raise pressures slightly

• Effect: Balances wear and improves tire longevity

Uneven wear across tread

• Cause: Camber or pressure imbalance

• Adjustment: 

  • Camber: Balance Camber L/R

  • Pressures: Fine-tune pressures

• Effect: Improves balance and tire life

Front tires feel numb on exit

• Cause: Low temp / poor load transfer

• Adjustment: 

  • Pressure: Lower front pressure

  • Dampers: Increase front rebound

  • Ride Height: Reduce front ride height

• Effect: Improves grip and steering feel

Slow Acceleration

Wheelspin

Car feels sluggish off the line

• Cause: Low torque delivery / Gearing

• Adjustment: 

  • Gearing: Shorten final drive ratio

  • ECU: Use aggressive map

  • Fuel: Reduce fuel load

• Effect: Improves launch and early acceleration

Rear tires spin under throttle

• Cause: Excessive torque / poor rear grip

• Adjustment: 

  • Traction Ctrl:: Increase TC

  • Toe: Add rear toe-in

  • ARB: Soften rear ARB

  • Pressures: Increase rear tire pressure

• Effect: Reduces slip and improves traction

Engine bogs or hesitates

• Cause: ECU map / Traction Control

• Adjustment: 

  • ECU: Use aggressive map

  • Traction Ctrl: Lower Traction Control

  • Throttle: Optimize throttle application

• Effect: Increases throttle response and torque delivery

Car unstable under throttle

• Cause: Rear suspension / Damping

• Adjustment: 

  • Springs: Soften rear springs

  • Dampers: Increase rear rebound

  • Ride Height: Lower rear ride height

• Effect: Smooths weight transfer and stabilizes launch

Tires cold at launch

• Cause: Low temps / Brake heat transfer

• Adjustment: 

  • Ducts: Reduce brake ducts

  • Lap Prep: Preload tires with brake heat during out lap

• Effect: Improves grip and traction early in the stint

Rear tires overheat quickly

• Cause: Excessive slip angle / toe-out

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Reduce rear toe-out

  • Pressures: Slightly increase pressure

  • Camber: Reduce rear camber

• Effect: Improves wear and grip consistency

Slow Top Speed

Sensitive Steering

Car hits limiter early

• Cause: Gearing / Shift Points

• Adjustment: 

  • Gearing: Lengthen final gear ratio

  • Shifting: Optimize shift points

• Effect: Extends top speed and reduces limiter bounce

Car feels twitchy at speed

• Cause: Excessive toe-out / low caster

• Adjustment: 

  • Toe: Add front toe-in

  • Caster: Increase caster

  • Camber: Balance camber L/R

• Effect: Improves straight-line stability and steering feel

Poor acceleration at high speed

• Cause: Excessive drag / Aero balance

• Adjustment: 

  • Wing: Reduce rear wing

  • Ride Height: Lower ride height

  • Front Splitter: Optimize splitter angle

• Effect: Improves aerodynamic efficiency and top-end pull

Engine feels flat

• Cause: ECU map too conservative

• Adjustment: 

  • ECU: Use aggressive ECU map

  • Fuel: Reduce fuel load

• Effect: Unlocks full engine potential

Car wanders on straights

• Cause: Aero imbalance / toe mismatch

• Adjustment: 

  • Ride Height: Balance ride height

  • Toe: Match left/right toe

  • Rear Wing: Increase rear wing slightly

• Effect: Stabilizes car and reduces darting